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Reflections on the relationship between data, facts, information, knowledge. Interrelations, differences, forms of manipulation

the cognitive process is usually described as a path that starts growing from the data and arrive at knowledge, this is represented as a pyramid:




data, the basic elements are considered fundamental entities, you go to the next level, that of information.
latter have certain characteristics: they must have a recognizable
, caught only when you establish the comparisons: the information is not a property of but the result of a relationship between this and the observer;
must be relevant, have a meaning for the subject;
do not compete (the fact that I possess does not imply that another can not have them);
not be exhausted;
their value is in how they are dealt with, related, vehicles.
Information becomes knowledge when it is inside a context.
knowledge (what ) and experience (as ) allow you to make wise decisions.

The heart of this process of Knowledge Management, which could be defined "Rationalist", lies in the concepts of relationship and contextualization of the data.
Starting from the same data can have different information, they are in fact conditioned by the manner in which the former are structured, it follows that there is no objective information.
The communication professional working on this mechanism and the interpretation process.
The data can be manipulated, so understanding the mechanisms of creation, development and know the sources helps to understand what can be considered credible.
The very way in which a search is set and implemented, the significance of the sample, the objectives of research, the validity collection techniques and how to classify data, influence the quality of results.
be able to control these aspects is to have the opportunity to affect the outcome of an investigation from the start.